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Ring 0级固件威胁：新型UEFI rootkit恶意软件BlackLotus曝光_我的网站

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A | 最近引发广泛讨论的“BlackLotus”，属于一款相当全能的固件级 rootkit 恶意软件。 Johnson announced his resignation on July 7 after a series of scandals connected with violations of COVID-19 rules and the appointment of Christopher Pinche as deputy chief whip of the Conservative Party. The scandals led to a string of resignations, with dozens of officials stepping down this week.,University of Notre Dame International Relations Professor Michael Desch said Johnson's political problems are largely domestic and self-inflicted and should not impact relations between the United Kingdom and the United States.,"I doubt the US-UK 'special relationship' will be affected at all,” Desch said.,However, Desch did not rule out that the United Kingdom may somewhat calibrate the course of its foreign policy regarding Ukraine.,While Johnson is personally committed to NATO's support for Kiev, the new UK prime minister may have a less decisive position, Desch said.,“Johnson's departure may bring to power a successor less invested in 'winning' in Ukraine,” Desch added.,Hofstra University Political Science Professor Carolyn Dudek said the Conservative Party still remains in power and therefore there will be no major changes in the UK foreign policy agenda.,“Since Johnson’s stepping down means that another Tory leader will emerge as Prime Minister, I don’t see a major change in the United Kingdom’s foreign policy," she said.,Dudek explained that the so-called Brexiteer camp is still strong among conservatives and with the global economy it would make sense for the United Kingdom to continue to make inroads for trade and alliances beyond Europe.,"However, the United Kingdom's strong relations with Europe will continue even with some of the bumps along the road as they still hammer out details from Brexit,” she said.,Dudek pointed out that it is still unclear whether the new leader will be able to bring the party and the entire country together and navigate the increase in inflation and foreign affairs issues such as the Ukraine conflict.,“If the conservatives and the new Prime Minister fail to address pressing internal and external issues, it could create an opening for the Labor party, but right now that is unclear,” she said.,With respect to the future UK-US relations and NATO, Dudek said she does not expect much change.,“The political style of the next Prime Minister may have some impact, but pretty marginal,” she said.。

B | 特点是能够躲过各种删除操作，以及绕过先进的 Windows 防护措施。此前这类高级攻击能力，仅被拥有深厚背景的机构所拥有，比如情报威胁组织。然而据报道，一款更新、更强大的 UEFT rootkit，正被人挂到暗网论坛上叫卖。“防护环”示意（图自：Wikipedia / Hertzsprung）卖家宣称 BlackLotus 是一款固件级 rootkit 恶意软件，能够绕过 Windows 防护措施、并在 x86 架构的最底层运行恶意代码。率先曝光此事的安全研究人员指出，单个 rootkit 的许可证费用高达 5000 美元，而后续代码重建则只需 200 美元。

C | 不过考虑到卖家罗列出来的功能，即使需要耗费重资，世界各地的网络犯罪分子和黑帽黑客也会趋之若鹜。Scott Scheferman 总结道：BlackLotus 采用了汇编与 C 语言编写，体量仅 80KB（约 81920 字节）。通过在内核级别（ring 0）提供‘代理防护’（agent protection），该 rootkit 能够在 UEFI 固件中长期驻留。此外 BlackLotus 具有反虚拟机、反调试和代码混淆功能，以阻碍研究人员对其展开分析尝试，且附带功能齐备的安装指南 / 常见问题解答。

D | 黑市叫卖帖与同类 rootkit 一样，BlackLotus 能够在 Windows 启动前的第一阶段被加载，因而能够绕过 Windows / x86 平台上的诸多安全防护措施。除了无视 Secure Boot、UAC、BitLocker、HVCI 和 Windows Defender，该恶意软件还提供了加载未签名驱动程序的能力。

E | 其它高级功能包括功能齐备的文件传输模式、以及易攻破的签名引导加载程序 —— 除非影响当今仍在使用的数百个引导加载程序，否则很难将它斩草除根。Scott Scheferman 还强调了 BlackLotus 可能对基于固件的现代安全防护机制构成威胁。而且新 UEFI rootkit 在易用性、扩展性、可访问性、持久性、规避和破坏潜力方面，都实现了相当大的跨越。